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December 12, 2024
Published by arltis on December 12, 2024
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AUTO TRANSFORMERS

 
International Low Profile Series power transformers
Autotransformer

An autotransformer has a single winding with two end terminals and one or more terminals at intermediate tap points. It is a transformer in which the primary and secondary coils have part of their turns in common. The portion of the winding shared by both the primary and secondary is the common section. Autotransformers have no galvanic isolation!

 
Autotransformer Tapped
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TRANSFORMER TYPES

 
AEI Magnetics Example
 
Auto Transformer
 
Isolation Transformer
Toroidal Transformer
Air-Core Transformers
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Isolation Transformer

 
International Low Profile Series power transformers
Isolation Transformer

An isolation transformer is a transformer used to transfer electrical power from a source of alternating current (AC) power to some equipment or device while isolating the powered device from the power source, usually for safety reasons (or to reduce transients and harmonics). Isolation transformers provide galvanic isolation. Therefore no conductive path is present between the source and the load.

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Toroidal Transformer

 
International Low Profile Series power transformers
Toroidal Transformer

A toroidal transformer is an electrical transformer constructed with a torus or donut-shaped core. Its primary and secondary windings are wound across the entire surface of the torus core, separated by an insulating material. This configuration minimizes the magnetic flux leakage. All Ascend Electronics toroidal transformers are constructed as isolation transformers.

 
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Air-Core Transformers

 
International Low Profile Series power transformers
Air-Core Transformers

Air-core transformers are designed to transfer energy or radio-frequency currents (currents used for radio transmission). Air-core transformers consist of two or more coils wound around a solid insulating substance or on an insulating coil form and have no magnetic core. Therefore, air-core transformers have a weak energy transmission ratio.


 
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Transformer Design Expressions

 
Transformer Efficiency
 
Ambient Operating Temperature
 
High Voltage Isolation Class
Transformer Voltage Regulation
Transformer Temperature Rise
Input Waveforms
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Transformer Efficiency

Transformer Efficiency


The ratio of a transformer's output power to its input power is known as transformer efficiency. The effect of transformer losses is measured by transformer efficiency, typically expressed as a percentage.

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Voltage Regulation

Transformer Voltage Regulation


Transformer voltage regulation is the ratio or percentage value by which a transformer's output terminal voltage varies either up or down from its no-load value due to variations in the connected load current.

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Ambient Operating Temperature

Ambient Operating Temperature

The ambient temperature is the temperature at a location not affected by the heat generated by the transformer itself.

 
ambient temperature
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Transformer Temperature Rise

Transformer Temperature Rise

Transformer temperature rise is defined as the average temperature rise of the windings above the ambient (surrounding) temperature when the transformer is loaded at its nameplate rating.

 
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High Voltage Isolation Class

High Voltage Isolation Class

The high-voltage isolation class is used during the transformers' high-pot tests. High-pot (High Potential) tests, also known as dielectric withstand tests, are used to apply high voltage to assets to determine the adequacy of the electrical insulation to withstand voltage transients and ensure the insulation is not marginal. In addition, the voltage class is used to define high-voltage potential differential operation between primary and secondary.

High Pot Test
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Input Waveforms

Input Waveforms


The transformer induces power or signal voltage waveforms for each secondary output. The resulting output waveform will be the same shape and frequency as its input waveform. Note that all transformers have bandpass characteristics, meaning they have a low-end and high-end frequency roll-off. Therefore for transformers outside the standard AC power line (50Hz to 400Hz), such as audio (20Hz-20kHz) and switching (1kHz to 10MHz), the minimum and maximum frequency of the bandwidth must be specified, in addition to the input waveform, such as pulse (square) or sinus.

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